1: Victory over Fascism first anniversary (issued in 1946)
2: Youth Work Brigades (1) (1946)
3: S. Markovic (2) birth centenary (1946)
4-8: Slav congress in Belgrade (1946)
9,10: Centenary of the poem 'The Mountain Wreath' (3) (1947)
11,12: 1947 airmail stamps
1-3: Federal sports meeting (1947)
4: Balkan sport games in Ljubljana (1947)
5: Annexation of Istria and Slovene Coast (4) (1947)
6: Samac-Sarajevo railway construction fund (1947)
7,8: Centenary of translation of New Testament in Serbian language (1947)
9: Zagreb trade fair (1948)
10: 5th Communist Party Congress in Belgrade (1948)
11-13: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (5) in Zagreb 80th Anniversary (1948)
14: L. Kosir (6) commemoration (1948)
15-17: Balkan and Central-European games in athletics (1948)
18: L. Kosir airmail stamp (1948)
19-25: Federative Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia 5th anniversary (1948)
26: F. Preseren (7) death centenary (1949)
27,28: Ski Jumping in Planica (8) (1949)
29-31: Federative Republic of Macedonia 5th anniversary (1949)
32,33: Universal Postal Union (9) 75th anniversary (1949)
(1) Youth work actions were
organized voluntary labor activities of young people in Yugoslavia. The actions
were used to build public infrastructure such as roads, railways, and public
buildings, as well as industrial infrastructure. The youth work actions were
organized on local, republic and federal levels by the Young Communist League
of Yugoslavia, and participants were organized into youth work brigades, generally
named after their town or a local national hero. Important projects built by
youth work brigades include the Samac-Sarajevo railway, parts of New Belgrade,
and parts of the Highway of Brotherhood and Unity, which stretches from northern
Slovenia to southern Macedonia.
Initial actions were organized during the Second World War in territories liberated
by the partisans. After the war, actions were numerous and massive and the youth
brigades made significant contributions to the rebuilding of their country,
which was badly ravaged by war. In addition to cheap labor for the state, youth
work actions provided a form of free holiday for teenagers.
As the country was rebuilt and its economy stabilized, youth work actions went
out of fashion. However, they were revived in the late 1970s, in an effort to
organize youth in political and cultural activities, as the work actions proved
to play a large role in the socialization of those involved.
(2) Svetozar Markovic (1846–1875) was a political writer who was largely responsible for introducing socialism into Serbia and whom the Yugoslav Communists claim as their precursor.
(3) The Mountain Wreath (in original: Gorski vijenac) is a poem and play, commonly considered a literary masterpiece, written by Montenegrin Prince-Bishop and poet Petar II Petrovic-Njegos. Njegos published The Mountain Wreath, in 1847. It is a modern epic written in verse as a play, thus combining three of the major modes of literary expression.
(4) Former Italian territories in Istria, Dalmatia and Slovenian Coast became part of Yugoslavia by the Paris Peace Treaty signed in 1947.
(5) The institution was founded in Zagreb in 1867 as the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. The bishop and benefactor Josip Juraj Strossmayer, a prominent advocate of higher education during the 19th century Croatian national romanticism, set up a trust fund for this purpose and in 1860 submitted a large donation to the then viceroy (ban) of Croatia for the cause. After some years of deliberations by the Croatian Parliament and the Emperor Franz Joseph, it was finally sanctioned by law in 1866. Strossmayer also initiated the building of the Academy Palace which was completed in 1880. The Academy published the scientific magazine Rad between 1867 and 1882, when each of the individual scientific classes of the Academy started printing their own magazines. A total of almost five hundred issues have been printed up to now as well as several other publications in history and ethnology. It was renamed " Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts" in 1991 after Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia.
(6) Lovrenc Kosir (1804—1879)
is said to be the inventor of the postage stamp.
In 1835, five years before the introduction of the worldwide first stamps in
Great Britain, he suggested the introduction of adhesive tax postmarks (aufklebbare
Brieftaxstempel) to the Department of Commerce in Vienna, which was responsible
for the postal system. These postmarks were to be used for the pre-payment of
postage. He called them gepresste Papieroblate (pressed paper wafers), which
are known today as stamps. Kosir conceived that the stamps would be modelled
on the official sealing stamps that were already used in Austria. His suggestion
was looked at in detail, but rejected for the time being.
Kosir was immortalised by Yugoslavia on several commemorative stamps. The country
very much supported him being recognised as the one and only inventor of the
postage stamp. On 21 August 1948, a commemorative stamp set was issued, which
consisted of four stamps and showed his portrait. In the same year, the Yugoslavian
postal system issued an airmail stamp depicting Lovrenc Kosir, his hometown
of Ljubljana, and an aeroplane. What is special about these stamps is the allonge
attached to each stamp. It has an inscription in Yugoslavian and in French giving
information about his contribution regarding the invention of stamps.
(7)
France Preseren, (1800–1849) was a Slovenian Romantic poet. Although he
was not a particularly prolific author, he inspired virtually all Slovenian
literature thereafter.
He is generally regarded as the national poet. In 1905, his monument was placed
in the central square in Ljubljana, now called after him. By the early 1920s,
all his surviving work had been catalogued and numerous critical editions of
his works had been published. In 1944, the anniversary of his death, called
Preseren Day, was declared as the Slovenian Cultural Holiday. In 1990, the seventh
stanza of his Zdravljica was declared the national anthem of Slovenia. In 1992,
his effigy was portrayed on the Slovenian 1000 tolar banknote, and since 2007
his image is on the two-euro coin minted in Slovenia. The highest Slovenian
prize for artistic achievements is named after him. His poems have been translated
into several languages.
(8)
Planica is an alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, not far from another
well known ski resort, Kranjska Gora.
Planica is famous for ski jumping. The first ski jumping hill was constructed
before 1930 at the slope of the Ponca mountain. In 1934 Stanko Bloudek constructed
a larger hill, sometimes also called the mammoth hill. The first ski jump over
100 metres was achieved here in 1936 by the Austrian S. Bradl. This is the biggest
jumping hill in the world, sometimes called "the mother of all jumping
hills".
In March 1947 Bloudek and his coworkers managed to arrange a week of ski flights
between Swiss and Slovene teams. A year later many more guests arrived. Beside
Swiss and Slovene also French, Polish and Check. The hero of the event was Swiss
Tschannen with a new record mark of 120 m. Nobody suspected then it was the
last record for next 21 years.
(9) The
Universal Postal Union (UPU) is an international organization that coordinates
postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system.
Prior to the establishment of the UPU, a country had to conclude a separate
postal treaty with each other country that it wished to carry international
mail to or from. The United States called for an international postal congress,
which was held in 1863. This led H. von Stephan, Prussian Minister for Posts,
to found the Universal Postal Union. It was created in 1874, under the name
General Postal Union. In 1878 the name was changed to Universal Postal Union.
The UPU established that there should be a more or less uniform flat rate to
mail a letter anywhere in the world, postal authorities should give equal treatment
to foreign and domestic mail and that each country should retain all monies
it collected for international postage.
One of the most important results of the UPU treaty was that it ceased to be
necessary, as it often had been previously, to affix the stamps of any country
through which one's letter or package would pass in transit; the UPU provides
that stamps of member nations are accepted for the whole international route.